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PARAMOUNT FACTS IN 
RACE DEVELOPMENT 



BY T. S. BOONE 



Hume Quick Print, 4014 S. State Street, Chicago. 






iU lb 192! 



^ 



^i-7^r^l 






1 

V!3 



PREFACE 



Time worn Histories have been but tansmitters of 
one of the most fallacious statements written on parchment 
or paper. Ancient historians were heralds of this self-same 
prevarication. We have seen in all of the books, (ancient, 
medieval and modern) designed by the other man, that we 
were, are and shall ever be "hewers of wood and drawers 
of water," for our more favored brethren. Such is but his 
cherished hope and longing desire, his unbridled avaricious- 
ness, his insatiable anticipation. 

The finger of scorn has been pointed at us and we 
are said to be a compilation of multifarious problems. Va- 
rious writers have taken the acts of our vile men and mag- 
nifiedly made them the characteristic indulgencies of the 
whole Race. This tome is an attempt to show the marve- 
lous transitional stages through which we have come and 
the unjust impositions under which we are laboring. This 
tome is a further attempt to instil in the minds of the read- 
ers greater inspiration and a renewed determination to more 
valiantly shoulder the burdens of the race in the heat of 
the day. 

This tome is a still further attempt to open the blind- 
ed eyes of the Race and cause them to behold the grandeur 
and sublimity of an uncompromising station, just beyond 
the veil of equivocations and yonder's cloud of tears, that 
can be reached only through co-operation. It has been my 
constant aim to reduce every proposition to its ultimate 
principles of truth for only by this means can order be 
brought out of the confusion that now exists. If the prin- 
ciples herein enunciated shall aid in illuminating even a few 
of the many dark places to be found along the path, I shall 
be more than gratified. 

T. S. BOONE, Chicago, HI 



€©pyright by T. S. Boorfe 
1921 




T. S. BOONE, Author 



ENVIRONMENT HAS ITS 
STAIN. 



We have been accused of being a race of slug- 
gards, never having held a lofty place in the affairs of 
men and nations But such accusations are untrue for 
we have many clarified statements about the rule of E- 
thiopia kiiown today as Absyinia. 

The Abvssinians boast in vociferous tones of the 
fact that they have never been subjugated. Unfortu- 
nate' . for us we were so located that there was no need 
ever present and we deliberately slept the while away. 
Isolated we were by the very inferiority of our intelli- 
gence and the absolute absence of culture, from the 
civilized world around us. We made no efforts to cul- 
tivate our powers of thought, for we laid m the lanri 
of sunny hue, covered by the rust^'c le?ves of time.,\yith 
no desire to produce or build. The oHmatic conditio^^ 
were too favorable and the soil tno heavilv laden with 
purple fruits. Because of the fact that there were no 
pressing conditions to stare us in the face, no lack of 
vegetation to kiss our lips,, and no nerd of wearing an- 
parel to shelter our bodies, from the winds o^ — --ny wm- 
ters, we found ourselves but tools in the iron hand of 
the oppressor, who had been driven to, action by the 
frequent appearance of deprivation. This different cli- 
matic condition which drove the oppressor to action 
also drove. him to think: and having learned to th;nk 
he proved himself the master of us, who were not so for- 
tunate. , , , ,. , 

By the oppressors pbili^-'' ^o think he soon vf^p\\\7,<^a 
in us a orlowing "n^en't and ra^'dp us the slav*"? of his de- 
sire.. Tt was this ^-houQrht th^t ^^^'(^ us civili'^^tion. 

Being a people from an ignorant provincial world 
subjected to the yoke of bondage, without a knowledge 
of the use of implements, without an understanding of 
the customs of the oppressor, we diligently and faith- 
fully set ourselves to the grave tasks that were heaped 
upon us. As such serfs, under the iron rule of the op- 
pressor, we grew into the likeness and nature of "hew- 



—2— 

ers oi wood and drawers oi water." Because of the 
great impressions maae upon the minds of the some of 
.40 uuiiiig uiutte ucirK uays, we suii linger in a sleep that 
seems to Know no iignc, and we are constantly visited m 
oui- aieaiiis oy uue who places hign tne writings on the 
wail" Hewers of wood and drawers of water." 

we Set ourselves to the task of learning by imita- 
tion, following witn a scrutinizing eye every movement 
aiiu aLuempiu.g- to put the action in play at every permiss- 
able time.. Through our great imitative ability we were 
auon able to piociuce two or tnree loias more than the op- 
prebSjr had ever before reaped and he soon realized the 
fact that we were a colossal asset; yet the thought never 
entered our minds that it would have been more blessed 
L^ have produced for ourselves than to have produced 
^jr the oppressor. Our participations wrote the records 
of our activities, and the records of our activities reflect- 
ed our characteristics. When the African was brought 
lO tiiis continent though worn with years, he still was 
mentally nothing more than a babe. He had the capac- 
ity for thought, but his former environment commanded 
iiiin i-n stentorian tones to never use his mental organs. 
The mildness of the seasons and his sun kissed plains in- 
culcated in him an unqualified spirit of submissiveness. 
ine environment, it was that, shaped the attitude of the 
African and the environment it is that effects the tenden- 
icies of the Negro. This being true, it goes without 

further comment that the Negro is not innately submiss- 
ive and therefore not inherently "hewers of wood and 
drawers of water." 

For every infant that is borned has the same num- 
ber of brain cells as grownups, the only difference is that, 
the brain cells of the newly homed infant are empty 
while those of the man are not. 

The future poss^'bilities of the infant are in the 
hands of its mother or those that are to teach it. If the 
infant is pl^^-d under the tutela,Q:e of an ignorant, sup- 
erstitious and pp.ssim^><-'p advoc?itp. it will become the 
victim of such principleless contentions, whether white 
or a Negro. 

If the Negro thought-shapers were profoundly 
more reconstructive, i-npfp],. more ingenuous, and harmon- 
iously more determined to inject undefiled principless 



— 3— 

burning as celestial fire upon the mental organism of ev- 
ery Negro infant's being, then would the Race loose its- 
self of those inglorious fetters and historians, both living 
'and deaad, would step forth upon the platform of cor- 
rection and expunge from the faces of their parchments 
that sordid statement that, the p e o p 1 e"^ of the black 
race are inherent "hewers of wood and drawers of wa- 
ter." 

RESPONSIBILITY TO SERVE. 

Races and Nations are built upon the services of 
individuals. The basis of race development, the founda- 
tion of national progress is the building of a strong home. 
' The home is the germ of a race or a nation. For a home 
! to be a strong one the father must feel the responsibility 
to serve, the mother must become tormented over the e- 
quivocal condition of affairs and put herself to the task 
of rightful correction. When the father and mother in- 
] dividually feel the responsibility to serve and collective]" 
I undertake the task of serving, then there will be unqual- 
i ifiedly inculcated in the bosoms of their offsprinors a tre- 
i mendous desire to serve, because of their knowledge of 
service. Teach a child the things you would have it 
[know and do when it is young and when it grows old it 

will not depart therefrom. 
I Teach a child the solemnity of service and as it 

[grows in years it will firmly anchor in its blushing bos- 
om the feeling that it is responsible to its parents, respon- 
sible to its racer, responsible to its country and responsi- 
ble to its Godi;o uhhesitatingly serve humanity. 

To build a strong race each member in the race 
must first render itself liable for the performance of 
some undertaking that will promote race progress and 
betterment, and collectively go about the carrying-out 
of such a program. America was able to break the iron 
grasp of her oppressor, because Crispus Attucks felt the 
responsibility to serve and on that memorable day. Mar. 
'5, 1770, defied the call of the foe an dstepped out the 
first to give his life on the auction-block of time, that A^ 
merica free might live. 

George Washington felt the responsibility to 
serve, and crossed the Delaware, waving high in the air 
of purity the cherished flag of Hope, inspiring others to 
follow as he led. 

The Church must act as an authorized c»gent in 



— 4— 

teaching men the golden lesson of "service." The 
church is the greatest institution the world holds, the 
Negro is the most despised subject America holds; it 
therefore behooves the Negro to ally himself with the 
most potent force for right and learn that great principle 
taught by the "Faultless one." 

The Negro must grasp every opportunity to serve, 
for therein the secret of all great success is found. The 
church must be accepted as the filling station for the Ne- 
gro. When dissappointments are ever near, scarlet 
tasks bedeck the pathway to success and criticisms are 
heaped as high as mountains from the outside world, the 
Negro must without fear or trembling take himself to 
the greatest peace-maker known to man and have his- 
soul filled with righteous bravery and his patience in- 
/ winds of opposition no matter what betides. To be- 
l come powerful "service" must be the Negro's "watch- 
^creased that he might be able to stand the sarcastic 
word." For power is acquired through service and lost 
through abuse. 

EMOTIONALISM vs. THOUGHT AND REASON. 

The Negro is super-emotional. He allows him- 
self to be carried away by feelings. He wraps the very 
vitals of his beirjg in the shroud of sentimentality and 
allows himself to be banished away to realms of super- 
ficial bliss. Generally, as the Negro feels, so is he. 

The great mistake the educated Negro makes is 
to markly draw himsself off from the others of the race. 
The emotional tendencies of the race are greater than 
the thought inclinations. The uneducated element, 
when it sees the educated element form classes that en- 
en':irely eliminate it, rushes to a conclusion that is void of 
reason. If the educated element per chance is of very 
light complexion, and then seeks to form classes abso- 
lutely eliminating the uneducated element, the uneduca- 
ted will be moved by its racial emotionalism to accuse 
the educated element of trying to get away from the race. 

When the educated element exclusively, attempt 
to enter a realm of endeavor, the emotionalism of the un- 
educated will cause him to harbor in his bosom insati- 
able enmity, that cannot be extinguisheed by focusing 
thereon love in its most gigantic flow. The Negro can 
not afford to fetter his possible cohesive formation, nor 
jeopardise his promising progress by evidently forming 



""""■ : . ■ —5— ^ 

classes that cannot be supported by the race's natural 
tendencies. The Negro indulges in a colossal hindrance 
when he obviously draws a class petition that puts him 
completely out of touch with his less fortunate brethren. 
Negroes should set themselves to the task of emancipat- 
ing the masses from, their emotionalisms, that so gravely 
retard the progress of the race. 

Compare, if you please, two cats; one a big 
"maltese" colored cat, that limps in the gutter. Its 
left front paw has been crushed and is held painfullv in 
the air. From the right shoulder the fur is gone, torn 
by a dog's teeth, or scalded by hot water. With hatred 
and suspicion the miserable creature, as it slink;< along, 
watches each human. It suffers hunger and thirst, 
homelessness and brutality. With painful effort it lifts 
its head to the top of a tall ash can, then frightened by 
a man approaching, hurries away. Disappointment a- 
waits it in any case. The can was filled with ashes. 
•'Tiien take that cripple cat to the cat show to behold care- 
fully combed silky, full fed "high bred" cats lying on 
silken cushions, hatred and disgust will fill its heart. Sim- 
ilarly, take a man from the gutter to see the first row of 
boxes at the opera house, show him the nicely '•nmbed, 
well-fed richly jeweled men of good fortunes, sitting 
on their velvet cushions, mistaken hatred will fill his soul 
mistaken contempt and loathing will fill theirs. There 
are some in the race farther removed in sympathy and 
understanding from the millions of their fellows that do 
the work than the long haired, purrying show cat from 
its brother in the gutter. 

Among human beings classes are separated from 
classes by a gulf of misunderstanding as wide as that sep- 
arating a cripple cat from the man that would have help- 
ed it. Men do not know, understand or reach each 
other. At the top and at the bottom a few see clearly 
and feel true sympathy. Emotionalism is not alone for 
the unfortunate, because the fortunate Negro has his 
charge. The man with power and wealth sees in those 
less fortunate, only their lack of knowledge and occas- 
ional lack of self-control. Those at the bottom looking 
up with suspicion and envy, from lives of hard, ceaseless 
work and dull routine, see only heartlessness and arro- 
gance above them. 

The unfortunate Negroes die, convinced that all 
prosperous Negroes are tormenting devils, using their 



— 6— 

power only to make feeble creatures suffer. Superan 
nuated emotionalism drives them to tins, and the tasK for 
the fortunate Negro, is to educate the masses above sen- 
timentality and cause them to see unblemished merit in 
the matchless principles of thought and reason. The 
Negro is governed by his emotional tendencies because 
he lacks thousands of years of thinking back of him. The 
educated Negro should hold himself out as a leader 
v^illing and ready to touch and form anew the ideas of 
the emotional element. Make the masses know that the 
educated Negro is not attempting to hold himself aloft 
so as to remove himself from service-contact with them, 
but cause them to see and understand that the reason 
that prompted the acquisition of education, was an un- 
biased desire to lift the less fortunate from the sordid 
abyss of ignorance and superstition. The fortunate 
must cease to ostracize the unfortunate and make "ser- 
vice rendering" for them apart of the fortunate's pro- 
gram. 

TRAINING NEEDED. 

The world is faced today with a cry for trained 
men and women. There was once a time when the 
world felt safe under the guidance of men and women, 
but that time has passed and its effect has been erased 
from the pages of civilized memory, and the clamor now 
is that, these men and women who are to lead, be puali- 
fied and that qualification is training. Races that ac- 
complish most are those that have trained leaders. The 
Negro must demand qualification from those assuming 
the status of leaders. The race is greatly in need of 
trained leaders. When the question is put to us, why 
we have labored so long in the valley beneath the scarlet 
clouds and yehemnt flames from yonders crucible of a 
demon's hate and vice, we can but answer that our un- 
trained leaders have led us this far and can lead us no 
farther. 

Ancient cities fell because of untrained leaders; 
dynasties crumbed, empires faded and kingdoms were 
brought low because of the fact, their rulers needed 
training, and their rules revision. 

Nations today are longing for the iron grasp of in- 
snfficiency to be broken frorf their necks. America is 
forced to wait on the cominfir of better conditions, for we 
are what we are because of the past rule of individual- 
ism. Our burning desire and cherished hope are, that 



the leaders now and those yet to come are and will be the 
type to prove themselves worthy of the trust and faith we 
now have and shall continue to place in them, by leading 
this our nation of boast from the barren plains of time out 
into thei rejuvenating oasis of immortality. There must 
be brought about a great reformation in the forces for 
christian futherance. The lamp of peace must be the 
beckoning signal to the weary traveler as he clandestine- 
ly sojourns through this sanguinary crusade of life, in 
order that he might be safely led to the rock of promise 
planted on the other side of the tide of time, as the se- 
cured pedestal for those who keep the faith, and who on 
their meandering path of doubt and tribulation were 
seekers to find the truth. We must focus our efforts 
and energies on the star of Promise and march under the 
waving banner of Right with thf golden determination 
"to become trained" burning on the altar of our lives. 

NEGRO CHARACTERISTICS DEPRECIATE PROPER- 
ERTY VALUE. 

In the Chicago Daily Tribune of Thursday, May 5 

.1921, this article appeared: "Bar 'white area Sales' 

to Negro." — Drastic Rule Adopted by Realty Board. — 

Immediate expulsion from the Chicago Real Estate Board 

Will be the penalty paid by any member who sells a Ne- 

■ gro property in a block where there are only white own- 
ers. This was voted unanimously at a meeting of the 
Board yesterday, following an appeal by Col. Valentine 
H. Surghnor, a former president of the organization, that 

• the Board take a definite stand on the Negro question. 
He called the Chicago Real Estafe Board cowardly, and 
declared it had always sidestenped the issue. His mo- 
tion followed a plea by the Grand Boulevard Property 

' Owners' Association for cooperation of the realators in 
settling the ownership problem. 

Segregation Being Studied. 
President L. M. Smith, in urging ithe Board to ap- 
point a committee to meet with the property owners, 
hinted an important move was under way by several big 
financial and educational interests, which he expected 

' would solve the problem. *If you provide the places, the 
Negroes of Chicago will segregate themselves,' said Mr. 
Smith. T know of a move on foot now, backed by vast 
financial powers, which should solve the Negro problem 

■ for Chicago. 



-8— 



Housing Program Under Way. 

If properly carried out, every Negro in the city 
can be housed in one-third of the space now occupied by 
them. A big housing program is being worked out, but 
can't be made public right now. I can say that the in- 
terests back of it are influential and wealthy, and their 
plans should be ready to give out shortly." 

This goes to show that the Negro is not gloriously 
welcome.^m Ln^; n »rth and is now looKed upon as a prob- 
lem by his good Northern white friends. If Chicago, at 
one time the Negro's El Dorado, has turned her back on 
the black man, it is high time for the race to diligently 
apply itself in order that it might determine whether 
there i« or is not to be found merit in the beautiful idea 
of cooperation. If the Grand Boulevard Property Own- 
ers' Association realizes the need of the cooperation of 
the Chicago Real Estate Board to help them segregate 
Negroes, it seems from such an evident situation the Ne- 
groes would become affected with the idea of coopera- 
tion, and work together to avoid being ostracized in such 
a shameful manner, Negroes are to a degree responsi- 
ble for this sad state of affairs. 

The white man looks upon the Negroes as being 
a race of lazy, inactive people, never actuated by a desire 
to beautify and better their surroundings. One colored 
woman, who wrote on the bombing of homes in Chicago, ■ 
said, "Negroes are in a great part the cause of it all, be- 
cause they allow their property to go unattended and un- 
improved. There was once a time in the life of Chicago 
when Wabash Avenue wore the same beautiful appear- 
ance as Grand Boulevard now wears. There has been 
much discusr,ion as to placing the Negroes west of State, 
Street and south of Twenty-second street. Some men- 
tion has been made of this in the Chicago Daily News of 
Thursday, May 5th, 1921, which read in part; "Better 
Homes for Negroes; Real Estate men, Bankers and the, 
Builders >study housing relief. Plans for the improve- 
ment of housing conditions among Chicago Negroes are 
under consideration by members of the Chicago Real Es- 
tate Board and leading .bankers, mortgage brokers and, , 
builders according to L. M. Smith, president of the 
Board. "For many months I have been working with 
other real estate men in an effort to bring about an im- 
provement in housing conditions in the districts now oc- * 
cupied by the Negroes," said Mr. Smith. "In this move- 



1 



— 9— 

ment we have the assistance of some of the Colored lead- 
ers themselves. We believe that the problem caused 
by the invasion of white neighborhoods by Colored resi- 
dents will be solved if we make the districts now occu- 
pied by Negroes sufficiently attractive. The region south 
of Twenty-second street and west of State street is ideal- 
ly situated for Negroworkers, giving them the best trans- 
portation available to their work. The district is over- 
crowded because the buildings are not properly design- 
ed, built and equipped to house people efficiently. With- 
out electing any new building, uut merely ren.odeling 
and modernizing existing structures hundreds of families 
who are forced to move into other neighborhoods could 
be provided with suitable homes. We have tried to in- 
terest contractors and builders whose equipment is now 
idle because of the building tieup to undertake the re- 
mod^lng of these structures and we now have identifi- 
cations that our efforts are bearing fruit. At the same 
time we have encouraging reports from members who 
are attempting to interest bankers in the financing of 
new housing projects in the district. Some money has 
already been raised for this work, but not nearly enough. 
Any person who knows anything about this district in 
Chicago, win readily concur that such a place would 
not be sought by those loc<king for better homes. The 
white man says, the general characteristic of the Negro 
is to tear down, destroy, plunder and not elevate and 
build up. This is true with some Negroes just as it is 
with some of all other races. The Negro is a victim of 
segregation, because the other man feels that when the 
Negro comes into his district, there will come with him 
disease, filth, and noise. The white man looks upon 
the Nes'ro home as being one where there is to be found 
torn window shades, broken windows with old rags 

filling the holes, unkept yards, dirty children running at 
large in the streets, women and men congregated in un- 
countable numbers on the front porches, some of whom 
em'oy displaying their bare feet and legs. The Neq-ro 
is further thought of as being a night owl, that is, one 
who stays up until the early break of morning, playing 
away on an untuned piano or guitor of two strings dis- 
turbing the neighbors as they attempt to hide themsel- 
ves under the somniferous shades of ,night to enjoy a 
peaceful rest. The Negro knows he has these things to 
face, so for that » reason he should bestir himself and set 



—10— 

firm his plans work harder and agonize longer, if the 
thought still lingers with hnn that "greatness ' is to be 
written on the tablet oi his heart. That man, race or 
nation is great, that rentiers service. Goodness is the 
basis of that service that leads to greatness. The key- 
note of that service is found in the words: "The Son of 
Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and 
to give His life for many." The ^egro cannot blot out 
the segregative idea, nor expunge from the other man's 
mind the thought, that, Negroes depreciate property 
value, by just thinking on the matter alone. 

The Negro must think and then work to cause 
the other man to bury his ideas in a sea of doubt. The 
work must be done collectively by Negroes tor their own 
preservation. "Separate for the March, but unite for the 
attack," was a maxim of Napoleon. The Negro race 
should treasure that part of the maxim which reads "u- 
nite for the attack" and those Negroes that have been 
grossly careless in the upkeep of their property should 
unite with the other element and fight down these at- 
tempts on the part of the white man to segregate. It 
is not what we eat, but what we digest, that makes us 
strong. It is not what we read but what we remember, 
that makes us learned. It is not what we earn, but 
what we save, that makes us rich. It is not what the 
Negro thinks or knows about himself, but what he caus- 
es the white man tj think and know about him, that will 
purge the white man's mind of segregative ideas, and 
cause him to know that something good can come out of 
Nazareth. 

A pretty oak tree is a beautiful emblem of the 
strength, beauty and eminent usefulness of an intelli- 
gent and noble man. Train the head, the heart and 
hand, and thus develop that strength and beauty of char- 
acter, that fits one for the most eminent usefulness. Indi- 
viduals so trained and then working collectively to dis- 
cover the truth, will make for great racial success. The 
Negro must study, for knowledge comes through study 
and success through knowledge. "Other things may 
be seized by might or purchased with money; but knowl- 
edge is to be gained only by study." — Johnson. 

CREATE PUBLIC SENTIMENT FOR THE RACE. 

It seems that the farther removed the Negro gets 
from servitude, oppression, affliction, bondage and vici- 



—11— 

ssitudes, the more lax and tardy he grows in the per- 
formance of his duties. If a universal program was to 
be framed for the development of the race I would ad- 
vise in this wise, that it first, become a christian race. 
There is to be hoped for, no great success, no permanent 
progress by a people who refuse to take God as their se- 
cret partner. A people moved by the flames of love, 
will be moved to administer justice and equity to all. 
Secondd — Educate the race. No people void of knowl- 
edge can stand the grave tests of time, because this is the 
day and age of preparedness. Hosea said: "My peo- 
ple are destroyed for lack of knowledge." 

The Negro must know the truth and when he 
knows the the truth he will be free indeed. 
Third — The Negro must acquire property and means. No 
insolvent corporation can demand the respect and favor 
of financial corporations. Neither can an insolvent cor- 
poration promote and foster large undertakings. The 
same is true with a race or nation. The cry that is on our 
ears now, is the one big cry that comes from Europe, tell- 
ing America that, some aid must be given them in order 
that they might live. We all know the story of the con- 
ditions in Ireland and far away China. If the lack of 
me?ins and property will affect nations and corporations 
to their death, it must likewise be true as to a race. The 
Negro opens his statute book and turns to the Constitu- 
tion of the United States, he reads, "We, the people of 
the United States in order to form a more perfect union, 
establisih liusttice, insure domeaftic tranquility, provide 
for the common defence, promote the general welfare, 
and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our 
posterity, do ordain and establish this constitntion for the 
United States of America. He then turns to and reads 
the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the United Sta- 
tes Constitution and finds that there is mnch law pronounc- 
ing justice and equity for all. The Negro then steals 
away to his secret chamber and prays a prayer asking 
God to touch the oppressors heart and let justice and eq- 
uity reign supreme in this land. When the prayer is o- 
ver and the "Amen" has been sounded the work is done 
and the Race then waits for the "Heart-shaper" to come. 
But this is not a land of rest after prayer, this is a land 
where after the "Amen" every Negro must take the 
sword of righteuos bravery in his hand, the shield of justice 
on his arm and go stately stepping down the avenue of 



time as a solid phalanx of animated impregn ibh bronze, 
going forth to carve and create sentiment in the minds Ol 
all right thinking people, so that the laws now on the sta- 
tute books will then be enforced. 

The hardest job of all, is to touch the heart of a 
culprit and cause him to feel vile and mean in the com- 
mission of his offences, unless you are first able to get 
him to think on the situation and put himself in the stead 
of the oppressed. Written law or common custom will 
lead to no righteous end unless there is public sentiment 
in support of the same. There must bp public senti- 
ment to precipitate the enforcement of the anti-segre- 
gative, anti-lynch and anti-discriminative laws, just as 
there was public sentiment that precipitated the abolition 
of slavery. In 1861, one Frances Jackson of Boston, 
died leaving a will. In Article 4, the testator bequeath- 
ed to trustees $10,000 "in trust" for them to use and ex- 
pend at their discretion, without any responsibility to 
any one, in such sums, at such times and such places, as 
they deemed best, for the preparation and circulation 
of books, newspapers, the delivery of speeches, lectures, 
and such other means, as, in their judgement would cre- 
ate a public sentiment that would put an end to Negro 
slavery in this country. In Article 5, the testator be- 
queathed to the same trustees $2,000 "in trust," to be ex- 
pended by th.em at ^-h^i" disoret'on. v/ithont any respon- 
sibility to any one, for the benefit of fugative slaves who 
had escaped from slave holding: states. The testator 
said: "I hope and trust they will receive the services and 
sympathy, the donations and bequests, of friends of the 
slaves." This kind of propaganda created a public 
sentiment against slavery. Justice Gray said: "Negro 
slavery was recognized by our law las an infraction of 
the rights inseparable from human nature; and tended to 
promote idleness, selfishness and tyranny in one part of 
the community, a destruction of the domestic relation 
and utter debasement in the other part. The sentiment 
which would put an end to it is the sentiment of justice. 
humanity and charity based upon moral duty, inspired by 
the most familiar precepts of the christian religion and 
approved by the constitution of the commonwealth. The 
teaching and diffusing such a sentiment are not of tem- 
porary benefit or necessity, but of perpetual obligation." 
There was published in the City of New York, a 
weekly newspaper, the "Anti-Slavery Standard," which 



,_ 2 o . 



tions of many vile and furious men, who taught their off 

rcT /he'sefd'etf "• ^"' "'^*^ superiorVor suprl 
«^fZ'cv. "^^^^ ^^'"^ permanently written on their 

souls are ever glanng up in their minds and they see the 
Negro not as a slave of today, but as a sub ecT It only 
^^[.discriminative, segregative and riotous indulgences 
This IS the prevailing sentiment in the South an d?s fast 
root;ng itself an the North. No clearer example of this 
sentiment being in the North can be given than was evi- 
denced m a case in Des Moines, Iowa. , This case was 
decided against the appellant in the lower court and was 
Preme'^ctrf of"/' '''' highest court of the State, the Su- 
preme Court of Iowa, where the decision of the lower 
court was sustained. The facts in this case briefly sta- 
ted, are as follows: "The plaintiff, who is a Negro wo- 
man, the wife of Attorney S. Joe Brown, of counseUn- 
w^tet'yT'K '^."'^*"' "?^ ^'^^^y ^"^t"^^d, in company 
TqOT vTi^H^^""^;."" or about the 23rd day of November, 
iy07, visited a certam place of public entertainment, and 
amusement, m the City of Des Moines, Iowa, in 
which city she resided, said place being what is popu- 
larly known as a "pure food show," a kind of an indoor 
iVL '''' A^u\ ^/>"dH^^ed by a certain organization of 
grocers and butchers m the City of Des Moines, known as 
the Des Momes Retail Grocers' Association rented booths 
to such persons as desired to exhibit or exploit their war- 

^L?i/''''^^'^"jr'r.*^'^^^^^ "'^^^" «^id Association 
charged and collected a fee of ten cents from each person 
who entered. On the evening of the said 23rd of No- 
vember, the plaintiff and her husband entered said show 
'A- ^ u^'i^l'''^^ ^^ presenting tickets of admission 
which had been purchased of said Grocers' Association 
which tickets were received at the door and plaintiff and 
her husband admitted as were numerous other persons 
at the same time and in the same manner. The enter- 
tainment of said "show" consisted for the most part in 
the inspecting and tasting of the wares of the so-called 
exhibitors having rented booths therein and among 
these was the appellee, F. J. Lane, who was acting at 



—14— 

manager of the booth of defendant, the J. H. Bell Coffee 
Company of Chicago, and whose business it was to exhib- 
it a certain bi-and oi coffee manufactured by r,aid com- 
pany by serving or causing to be served a small cup of 
said coifee, hot, in liquid form, and prepared as for table 
use to such of the patrons of said show as visited said 
booth. After visiting a number of the said booths in 
said "show" among them the booths of the Lane Bros. 
Coffee Company of Des Moines, Iowa, and having been 
served in e<ach, plaintiff and her husband in company 
with several Caucasians or white persons, visited the 
booth in charge of appellee, F. J. Lane and requested to 
be served whereupon appellee served all of the said 
white persons but failed and refused to serve appellant 
or her husband, giving as his reason therefor that he 
was not serving Negroes or Colored people. Plaintiffs 
counsel argued and cited authority to the proposition 
that it is sufficient ground for damages that plaintiff is 
denied the equal advantages or facilities of 
any place where refreshments are served. Hubbard V. 
Crawford, 128 Iowa, 743. Plaintiffs counsel contented 
that plaintiff's contention should have been sustained be- 
cause defendants answer admitted that plaintiff was dis- 
criminated against and this because she was a Negro, 
w^hich was not only a violation of the Code of Iowa, Sec. 
5008; but was contrary to the spirit of the law of the 
grand old State of Iowa as it had always been interpret- 
ed bv the Supreme Court from the first decision handed 
down upon the subject as early as 1839, which was the 
first decisionof that Court on any subject. 
In the matter of Ralph Morris: 

When 'In matter of Ralph' w^as decided, there 
was both law and sentiment in low^a against discrimina- 
tion and segregation, but now there is only to be found 
the law and no sentiment, the latter being the controlling 
force. I personally talked over the case with Counsel 
BrowTi and he toM me. that the Presiding Judge told him 
the decision must stand because there was no sentiment 
in Iowa contrary to it, but all in favor and support of the 
same. There was one time when public sentiment for 
the Negro's betterment in Chicago stood out so prominent 
in the race's d^^vplor^mpnt. that the entire nation was 
compelled to hear the w'ndv citv wh^n '^he spoke for the 
Negro. Chicago once fought with biting contempt the 



—15— 



South and Southerners for heaping their injustices upon 

kstn^r'f ' '""' ''': "^' ^''^' Metropolii tnat po r .e. 
} f^n^er ot scorn and raised its voice for justice to bo 
done the Negro in the South and saw that it^^s accord^ 
ed him here. But the Chicago riot in 1919 marked the 
turnmg point m the beautiful chain of Chicago events 
It painted her virtues with vices, made her clamor for 
fair play the call of fiendish demons, branded her the 
most gigantic liar of all the ages and sent her mouth! 
piece for justice and equity to all, up in a hellish blast 

r..vf r.^ I - l^'f^ ^^^ ^^^'^^ ^'^s ^" attempt on the 
part of ertain white citizens of Minnesota, to have the 
intermarriage laws of that state, nullified, but their at- 
tempt was consumed in the fumes of their owm endeavor 

fhi'n^w ''"i^"'^ ^'u^'^' represented both contentions,* 
the pios and cons', but oratory was not the controll ng 
factor nor was the mental profoundness of the jurists 
the colossus on that sea of combat, but public sentiment, 
that gigantic propeller that moves men, races and na- 
tions, was the great decision rendered. /Vnd those 
whites who endeavored so hard to wipe from the '^ 
statute book of Minnessota, inter-marriage laws, went 
down m decisive defeat. Historians know that it was 
nothing other than public sentiment, that, stirred A- 
^^^'^mru"^ liberate herself. The question comes- 

What was Patrick Henery's aim, when he cried in 
stentorian tones, "I know not what course others may 
take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" 
His ultimate hope was, that, through these words hi\s 
countrymen might be actuated by a desire to become 
freedmen. And he created the public sentiment nec- 
essary The same was the work of Israel Putnam 
when he left his plow in the field and went to join his 
country-men. and for no other reason did Paul' Revere 
make his mid-night ride to Lexinton, rousing each housp 
on his way, and warning the people of General Gage's 
plan. Much money was spent by the anti-saloon men 
in havinq: the 18th Amendment to the constitution of the 
Hinted '^^^-otps nassed. But these prohibitionists did not 
stop and lay themselves down to peaceful slumber after 
the passing of this amendment, but they raised funds and 
s'^nt ont the best orators and statesmen of this countrv 
to mold sentiment for a dry America. More monev was 
snent in the propagation of prohibition in one year than 
kas been spent to have the 13th, 14th and 15th Amend- 



^ —16— 

ments enforced since they have been written on the sta- 
tute book of America. The Negroes should organize a 
national public sentiment commission. Literature and 
orators should be sent to stir "Negro-haters to the ex- 
tent that they will realize, they owe humanity a duty. 
Every Negro church, school, fraternity and organiza- 
tions of all kinds should be allied with this national com- 
mission. Every Negro organization and institution should 
have uniform dates set -asid^e for the acquisition of a 
"public sentiment fund." 

Stalwart white and black men and women who 
have an undying love for humanity and are moved and 
guided by the faultless principles of justice and equity, 
should be employed to drive home to the hearts of all 
vile men, the sentiment necessary ,to precipitate the en- 
forcement of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amndments to the 
constitution of the United States, thereby inspiring all to 
catch the meaning of that meritorious scripture that 
teaches of the "fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of 
man." 

DON'T. 
Don't needlessly congregate on street comers. 
This spare time shold be spent in reading good books. 
John Knox said, "Books are the pillars of progress, the 
inspiration of mankind. They exert a wonderful influ- 
ence and a mighty pjwer though silent, in lifting up 
humanity and making progress possible. 

II. — Don't be loud and noisy in public places. It 
is the delight of some Negroes to test the durability of 
their vocal organs when they mount the street cars or en- 
ter places of amusement, such as shows and cafes. 
The most pitiable of all is to keep unnecessary noise 
when leaving the church. Some critics have said, they 
can tell whether a church or theater is owned of fre- 
ouented by Negroes, by just waiting until the close of 
the services or performances. 

Ill Don't congregate the barbershops and indulge 
iniis-ussions- about women. The average barber shop 
conversation is about women, gambling or whiskey. Wo- 
man is too precious a jewel to be so openly discussed m 
snchaVulgar and unjust manner. If a woman has so con- 
ducted herself that shp has brought shame upon the fair 
sex, men should not lose sight of the fact that she is a 
weak vessel, and more susceptible to fall a victim to the 



—17- 



multifariousmiquitions charms of this life; but thev 
should reach down with their strong arms of experience 
and power and lift the unfortunate from the ow grounds 
of Ignorance and superstition, plant their feet in ?he 
great Appian way of success and knowledge point thSr 
faces toward the magic goal of progress fna^eTtLm o 
mlniu^ i'Vr'^'l lies victory, yonder is their future stoy' 
womeT ^^ ^ ""^"^ ^^^ ^^'^ "^ ^^^^^^ than its 

So implore the Negro women to live right, in order that 
the Negro race might live long. Negro men that seek 
to sell the probity of the Negro women should one time 

tria"'?he Sir.n'^nf.i?' '^-f '"^^ ^"^^" ^^ Egypt, Cleo^a- 
Fn^kl^f Siren of the Nile, serpent of the ages, the then 
Enchantress of all feminine, who with her Mystifying 
cadences tormented Caesar the great general and war^ 
TZ'y. ^^^"fzed with her reptile charms the mighty 

Anthony, causing much confusion in Rome, and those 
Negro women that are so weak as to surrender their vir- 
tue to the fiendish accoster should think of the low life 
of that same Cleopatria, and how because of her base 

5nt" wf'' ^^ ^^11 ^^J^^ ^^ matchless construction hold- 
mg in its confines, the Great Pyramid, at Gizeh, and su- 
perior menta ity, represented by its Pharoahs and migh- 
ty Khufu fell to the earth, buried its face in a pillow of 
tears and was wafted away in the lipuid chariot of the 
Nile to^ lift Its face heaven-ward (possibly) never again 

IV. Don't form the habit of being late when you 
have an appointment or when you are expected on your 
job at a certain time. Tardiness is a dissappointment 
and an interruption; a kind of falsehood and theft of 
time. But promptness takes the unpleasantness out of 
a task. Promptness is the life of an undertaking the 
origin of trust and repose. Only those, who keep their 
time, can reliance be placed in to keep their word. 

V. Don't reject your own professions. Some Ne- 
groes will not employ a Negro physician, lawver or 
dentist. This is because of the fact they are aiffected 
with a superstitious idea that the whites are better and 
know more. Negroes of such beliefs should be taught 
that the Negro physician, lawyer and dentist, went to 
school along by the side of the white physician, lawyer 
and dentist, used the same • books, the same professor 
lectured to all. The Negro physician, lawyer and den- 
tist, graduated in the same class wtih the white, took the 
same state board examination, passed it, and admitted to 



—18— 

practice in the same state with the whites by the same 
board of examiners. The Negro physician, lawyer and 
dentist are generally qualified, because those Negroes 
that have attended the mixed schools know that in the 
majority of them the Negro must by far excel the white 
student in ability to get the same rating with him. So 
don't reject the Negro professional man, but call him in, 
for the physician can cure your chills and fevers and also 
your influenza and meningitis. The Negro surgeon can 
remove a brier from your finger and also operate on the 
human heart takini sti^-oh^ \)«twe€ beaJ ■ Suet 
latter was the miraculous feat of Dr. Daniel Williams of 
Chicago. The Negro lawyer can get your divorce and al- 
so clear away the multifarious clouds that overshadow 
the title to your property. The Negro dentist can ex- 
tract your first molar and also remove a portion of your 
jaw^-bone and replace the defect with a silver plate. 

VI. Don't neglect Negro business men and enter- 
prises. To do so will keep the race a nonentity in the 
vast field of accomplishment. A race must acquire 
large enterprises and business concerns in order that it 
might be able to stand with other races in competition. 
The Negro must strive to acquire a share in the business 
growth, and not sleep while others diligently plod along 
to grasp a secure monopoly on the business of the world. 

VII. Negro men don't stop your women on the 
street. If a Negro man has a conversation for the Ne- 
gro woman, don't stop her to engage in the same on the 
streets, but meeting her, turn and walk in the direction 
she is going. To stop your women in the streets will 
stamp them with a brand not conceded to women of re- 
pute nor will you show yourself a man of proper train- 
ing. 

VIII. Don't knock the church. Some Negroes abuse 
church workers and especially the ministers. Some call 
the church a grafter. The church is the greates-f- orcra- 
nization in the world. The church feeds more hungry 
people, clothes more nude, buries more dead, schools 
more knowledge seekers, and cares for in general more 
needv people than all of the other organizations com- 
bined. Negroes should boost the church because 
church experts everywhere are loud in their assertion 
that Negroes today own the largest church institntions 



—lo- 
in the world. Such is the distinction enjoyed by the Ol- 
ivet Baptist church of Chicago, Illinois, under the lead- 
ership of Dr. L. K. Williams. This is the greatest expres- 
sion of co-operation evidenced by the race. So don't 
knock the church, but rather boost it. 

IX. Don't be an individualist. Dont hold preju- 
dice, envy and hatred and suspicion against others be- 
cause you are disagreed with. But rather work for the 
promotion of those things that will advance the race. 
Because you are not the principal figure in a transaction 
don't seek to undermine the effort. Co-operate with 
the other particpants in the furtherance of a program 
for right. The late Theodore Roosevelt said: "When 
I did a thing because it affected my future, I did badly, 
but when I did a thing because it was right, I did well. 

X. Don't use the vv^ord Nigger" when speaking of 
the race. But rather use the word Negro, Afro-Ameri- 
can, black or Colored. Either one of the latter sounds 
better and has a better meaning. 

XI. Don't magnify the faults of the race. When 
mistakes are made those members with knowledge of the 
same, should among themselves undertake the task of 
erasing the errors, and not take the greatest number of 
the most gigantic megaphones that can be secured and 
herald such news to the four corners of the earth. The 
race must learn to keep secret some things, especially 
those things which if put in the hands of others will de- 
trimentally affect the very vitals of the race. 

XII. Don't go on the streets attired in dirty and 
ragged apparel. If you are going to your work, which 
is such as will cause your clothes to become soiled dur- 
ing the performance of the same, wrap your working 
clothes in a bundle and carry them along and wear other 
clothes on the streets. From a persons' appearance you 
can as a rule determine his or her environment, and from 

a person'.s environment you can as a rule determine the 
loftiness of his or her ideas and ideals. 

"THE COLOSSAL NEED." 

The Negro can boast of having produced some 
great characters. The Negro race has produced some 
of the greatest figures in modern day civilization, and 
some of those figures are today still playing a great 
part in giving the world colossal contributions. The Ne- 
gro has every reason to be proud of the individual worth 
of these great sons and daughters, for the memory of 



r 



^20— 

some will Ive as long as graat contributiors and heroes 
are read of. The Negro has learned that individually, 
he IS a great accomplisher. iJut individual accomplisn- 
ment, greatness and worth can not stand the test when 
met by an organized band thoroughly saturated in the 
same. The Negro should know the worth of coopera- 
tion, for he has been taught the lesson many times and in 
many ways. He should now be cognizant of the fact 
that he is an almost impregnable barrier when he works 
with his fellows. This was demonstrated in the Revo- 
lutionary war, at San Juan Hill, in Mexico, in the great 
World War at Argonne, Metz, St. Mihiel and Chateau 
Thierry. Why cannot the Negro see that if there had 
been no team work in the battles to render Old Glor., 
stainless, she now would have been trailing in the dust. 
By the great team work of the Negroes during those ab' 
normal times they were able to stand, when the French 
had falter£d, the English had fallen back, the Italian 
had wavered and the American white had grown tired. 
This shows that Negroes can work together. Is it true 
that Negroes can and will only work together under ab- 
normal conditions pressing upon them as flaming fires 
from a demon's hell? 

Take the great base ball pitcher, Walter John- 
son, who has for years played with the Washington 
team of the American League. Walter Johnson dur- 
ing his best days v/i 3 the greatest pitcher in the game, 
but he has defeat after defeat placed behind his name, 
not because the opposing pitchers were in any respect, 
his equal, but for no other reason than because he was 
not supported by the proper team work. The work of no 
one great player can win a game unless the other play- 
ers understand the game and move and play as their 
great understanding so directs. The same is true in the 
foot ball game, for no one or two men can win a game 
from the opposing team that has eleven men co-operat- 
ing with each other in every offensive and defensive 
play. When ever one player attempts to feature him- 
self without regard for the assistance and interferance 
that is to be put up by his team-mate, he inevitably 
causes his team a great loss which must be paid for by 
the co-operation of his team-mates. 

Negroes now are eager to learn the truth, for they 
have learned to read. Let the first lesson to be taught 
by the Negro thought-shaper be the one most needed by 



—21— 

the race, that of "race solidarity," which can be accom- 
plished only by team-work. Negro leaders must be- 
come more harmonious and the followers must support 
their plans. Negroes must join their hands together 
and together face the fight. For only by their combined 
efforts and focused energies, with never dying love in 
their hearts, eyes unfalteringly fixed on the Star of 
Promise can they hope to seize in their grasp that illus- 
trious gift, that gift which is broader than the universe, 
more beautiful than the clustered stars, stronger than 
the mighty arm of Hercules, more invulnerable than 
was the great Achilles, sweeter than the odor from the 
perfumed lilacs, more charming than v/as the exquisito 
form of the Goddess Venus, that gift "success." Only by 
team-work or co-operation can the Negroes succeed. Co- 
operation has meant success for those that have succeed- 
ed, it must mean success for the Negro if he is to succeed. 



/' 



FIGURES TMMT 
MRE FMGTS 

Progress of the Race. 

Farm Land Owned, acres 30 000 000 

Value of Farm Property $500,000 ,000 

Cultivate two-thirds af the land in the South. 

Number of Newspapers and Periodicals 500 

Insurance Companies . 120 

Banks "... 72 

Businesses Conducted ..... . . .50 000 

Literate Percentage '75 

Colleges 647 

Pupils, School j,900",000 

Teachers. . 38,000 

Educational Property.... $37,000,000 

Church Property.... ..$85,900,000 

Cash Paid for Education yearly $2,000 000 

Homes 820,000 

Churches 45^000 

Wealth Accumulated $1,100,000 000 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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